common rheumatic disaeases seen in children

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)

The symptoms of juvenile arthritis/Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) include joint pain and swelling, morning stiffness and limping persisting for more than a month.
JIA is the most common pediatric rheumatic disease.

Swelling of various joints seen in Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

SYSTEMIC JIA (SJIA/SOJIA)

Prolonged high grade fever > 2 weeks

Rashes

Arthritis

Swelling of index/middle fingers, second toe and foot in juvenile psoriatic arthritis

Nail changes in juvenile psoriatic arthritis

ACUTE ANTERIOR UVEITIS

Sudden onset red painful eyes and blurring of vision.
Seen in reactive arthritis, HLA B27 associated arthritis (Enthesitis Related Arthritis(ERA).

CHRONIC ANTERIOR UVEITIS

Long standing asymptomatic undetected uveitis leading to irregular pupil, cataract and loss of vision in young children.
Seen in various subtypes of JIA.

Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM)

Inflammation of skin (rashes over knuckles, eyes and face)

Inflammation of muscle (muscle weakness-difficulty in climbing stairs, standing from sitting or lying position, getting tired quickly)

Childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Presents with prolonged fever, weight loss, rash over sun-exposed body parts, easy fatiguability and joint pains.
It is the second most common pediatric rheumatic disease.

Morphea/localized scleroderma

Thickening and tightening of the skin followed by dark pigmentation and deformities of involved joints like contractures of fingers.

KAWASAKI DISEASE

Children with Kawasaki disease typically present with high-grade fever of few days, red eyes/lips/tongue, and body rashes, as well as red palms and soles.
It has to be treated as soon as possible due to a significant risk of cardiac involvement.